When Terrorism as Strategy Fails: Dissident Irish Republicans and the Threat to British Security
The use of terrorism as a strategy for obtaining political goals by non-state actors per sists in the international system, despite attempts by states to counter the phenomenon. This article explores the resurgent threat posed to British security by dissident Irish re publicans in order to illustr...
War on error and the Southern fire: How terrorism analysts get it wrong
This extended, five-partcritiqueofConflictandTerrorisminSouthern Thailandinterrogateshowterrorismexpertshaveinterpretedtherecentescalation ofviolenceintheThaisouthernborderprovinces.Itdoessobyquestioningtheau thors’useofsources,anddrawsonarangeofalternativeThai-andEnglish-language sourcestosugg...
Transatlantic cooperation on terrorism and Islamist radicalisation in Africa: the Franco American axis
Transatlantic cooperation on security has a long history. In Africa, transatlantic cooperation on security is basically between France and the United States. This paper asks why the two former competitors in Africa started to cooperate and also why they are so willing to engage militarily. The c...
The Threats of Returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters for the European Securit
There does not exist a unique and authentic definition of the term “foreign terrorist fighters” nowadays, same as the term “terrorism”. The paper will provide an overview of the inter national legal framework for measures, as well as activities that need to be undertaken as a response to ...
The Symbolic DNA of Terrorism
Understanding what causes terrorists to conduct mass-casualty attacks is essential. In this essay, we argue that religious terrorist groups and terrorist groups embracing an ideological/mythic pattern similar to religion that conduct such attacks are motivated by what we label the symbolic DNA of...
The rhetoric of ‘terrorism’ and the evolution of a counterterrorist state in Nepal
This paper examines the global ‘war on terror’ (WOT) and the case of Nepal. Nepal shifted in its identity from being neutral and uninvolved in global affairs prior to 2001, to being part of the global WOT. Nepal’s enactment of anti-terrorism legislation in 2001 helped establish its new ‘...
The political importance of labelling: terrorism and Turkey's discourse on the PKK
Labelling the ‘other’ is one of the most relevant aspects in an armed conflict context. Summarising what the opponent is in one single expression is a strong rhetorical tool in any belligerent discourse. The use of the ‘terrorist’ label assumes a particularly power ful role in such a const...
The logic of ethnic terrorism
Ethnic terrorism differs considerably from violence carried out for ideologi cal, religious, or financial motives. Ethnic terrorists often seek to influence their own constituencies more than the country as a whole. Ethnic terrorists frequently seek to foster communal identity, in contrast to an i...
The ISI and the War on Terrorism
Pakistan’s Directorate of Inter-Service Intelligence [ISI] plays an ambiguous role in the War on Terrorism. An important ally for Western intelligence with whom it has very close links, the ISI also has a long history of involvement in supporting and promoting terrorism in the name of Pakistan...
The EU counter-radicalisation strategy as “business as usual”? How European political routine resists radical religion
The emergence of an EU counter-radicalisation (CR) strategy has challenged the usual reluctance of European institutions to tackle value-loaded issues. This article examines whether this new policy alters EU policy-making and especially its approach to religion. It illuminates, first, the trigge...
The Dynamics of Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Understanding the Domestic Security Dilemm
This article argues that the concept of the “domestic security dilemma” can help us to better understand public opposition to government counterterrorism policies. It examines the concept of the “security dilemma” in international relations theory and argues that this concept can also be...
The Double-track System of Terrorism Proscription in China
This paper contributes to the debate on terrorism designation and proscription by providing information and analysis on the “double track” system of terrorism designation and proscription in China. It calls for greater attention to China’s terrorism proscription system as China has increas...
The “Capone Discovery”: Extortion as a Method of Terrorism Financing
This article analyzes extortion by terrorist groups. A three-factor the oretical framework borrowed from the literature on organized crime informs the qualitative analysis of several terrorist organizations— active and quiescent—which have committed casual and systematic extortion of busines...
Terrorist (E)motives: The Existential Attractions of Terrorism
This article describes a number of possible existential motivations for engaging in terrorism. Three in particular are identified: (1) the desire for excitement, (2) the desire for ultimate meaning, and (3) the desire for glory. Terrorism, according to the argument set out here, is as much a sit...
Terrorism in the Age of the Internet: The Case of Muslim Arab Foreign Terrorist Organizations
This study focuses on Muslim Arab extremism online. It specifically looks at the case of Muslim Arab organizations identified by the U.S. Department of State as Foreign Terrorist Organizations. The use of the Internet to communicate extremist rhetoric is not a new phenomenon nor is it one that i...
Terrorism and tourism demand: a case study of Lebanon, Turkey and Israel
Using a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model, this paper examines the impact of domestic and transnational terrorism on tourism demand (as measured by visitor arrivals) to Lebanon, Turkey and Israel. The distinguishing feature of this paper is that we use a dynamic framework that takes into...
Terrorism: The nature of its history
Terrorism has a history that is at least 2000 years old. Although targets, victims, perpetrators, causes and justifications for the use of terror have changed, the methods of terrorism have remained the same throughout history. This article will review the developmental stages of terrorism to demo...
Terrorism, Crime and Private Armies
The nature of crime and conflict is rapidly evolving. Postmodern war is increasingly influenced by non-traditional and irregular combatants: non-state soldiers. These actors are exploiting technology and networked doctrine to spread their influence across traditional geographic boundaries. This ...
Researching Democracy and Terrorism: How Political Access Affects Militant Activity
Strikingly, little systematic study of the relationship between democ racy and terrorism has been undertaken. This article addresses this lacuna by laying some groundwork for further analytical study of the issues. It does so, first, by suggesting a family of indepen dent variables related to the ...
Reexamining the Four Waves of Modern Terrorism: A Territorial Interpretation
Territory is a persistent concern in international politics but is unevenly explored in the terrorism literature. We argue that territory has salience for terrorist actors and apply our argument to Rapoport’s influential “four waves” thesis of the modern history of terrorism. By examining ...
Realizing Hegemony? Symbolic Terrorism and the Roots of Conflict
There is curently a division between conflict analysis and studies of terrorism, despite the fact that similar actors are involved in the “new wars” and “new terror ism,” and that there are also similarities in terms of root causes. Both conflict and terrorism studies are increasingly cro...
ON ETHNIC CONFLICT AND THE ORIGINS OF TRANSNATIONAL TERRORISM
Using the ITERATE dataset, we explore the origins of transnational terrorist activity, from 1982 through 1997, in 118 countries. We model terrorism, not as a function of a nation’s ethnic, religious or linguistic fractionalization, but as an independent measure of perceived ethnic tensions. Whe...
Mass-casualty terrorism and strategic surprise in Mumbai and Paris: understanding the Islamist perspective
The Mumbai and Paris attacks are representative cases of mass casualty terrorism due to the number of casualties and the level of devastation they caused. This type of terrorism has often been the result of strategic surprise resuting from intelligence failure. In both India and France, security ...
Marxism and Terrorism: The Intellectual Roots of New-Left Terrorism
The early 20th century witnessed the emergence of an orthodox Marxist- Leninist doctrine against terrorism. However, the 1970s, began to witness a wave of terrorism launched in the name of Marxist-Leninism. How can we explain this paradox? This article traces the intellectual roots of Marxist-Len...
Islamist terrorism and the Middle East democratic deficit: Political exclusion, repression and the causes of extremism
The terrorist attacks of September 11 created a consensus among Western, and in particular US, policy makers that authoritarianism in the Middle East undermined Western interests by con tributing to the emergence of Islamist terrorism. This study demonstrates, however, that there is no evidence th...
democracy; Islamism; Middle East; terrorism; Islamist terrorism; political exclusion; political participation
Between the 18th and 26th of November 2016, 220 different loca tions went up in flames in the Israeli forest. Israeli firefighters were powerless to contain the fires, so army and police units had to contribute. Thousands of civilian volunteers also joined the fight against the fire. The Israeli...
“Hybrid Orders” between Terrorism and Organized Crime: The Case of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
This article analyzesthe “nexus”betweenterrorismandorganized crime in the Sahel. The arguments animating recent debates can begroupedintotwodistinct positions: the apocalyptic approach, which tends to exaggerate the threat of terrorism and its links with organized crime, and the conspiratori...
How to Fight Terrorism: Alternatives to Deterrence
Deterrence has been a crucial element in fighting terrorism, both in actual politics and rational choice analyses of terrorism. But there are superior strategies to deterrence. One is to make terrorist attacks less attractive. Another to raise the opportunity cost - rather than the material cost -...
From Pawn to Knights: The Changing Role of Women’s Agency in Terrorism?
As terrorist groups became more technologically advanced with their media campaigns, the global audience began to see pictures of women in black burkas pledging allegiance to the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and posing with guns. Although there is a backlash against such cha...
Framing terrorism: geography-based media coverage variations of the 2004 commuter train bombings in Madrid and the 2009 twin suicide car bombings in Baghdad
Written media mould how civil society perceives acts of terrorism. In employing different framing techniques, news articles develop a unique narrative that influences how readers comprehend an attack. Past studies of the relationship between the media and terrorism ignore how media portrayals of ...
Iran: Sponsoring or Combating Terrorism?
Iran has a longstanding connection with terrorism, in particular after the 1979 Islamic Revolution. It has been recognised as both a victim and state sponsor of terrorism, but has predominantly been accused of supporting terrorism worldwide. Iran has been accused of training, financing, and providin...
Iran has a longstanding connection with terrorism, in particular after the 1979 Islamic Revolution. It has been recognised as both a victim and state sponsor of terrorism, but has predominantly been accused of supporting terrorism worldwide. Iran has been
The events of September 11th have led to massive increases in personal, commercial, and governmental expenditures on anti-terrorism strategies, as well as a proliferation of programs designed to fight terrorism. These increases in spending and program development have focused attention on the most s...
PAKISTAN’S RESPONSE TO EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM
This article takes a critical view of Pakistan’s efforts to deal with the challenges of terrorism and extremism through various legislative and policy initiatives, and the weak links in those efforts, with a view to suggesting measures to rectify the faultlines. Pakistan is geographically located ...
Intelligence and Its Role in Protecting Against Terrorism
The art and science of gathering critical operational intelligence has been defined in many ways and is beyond our needs for this writing. Throughout the course of history, many wars have been fought depending heavily on various forms of intelligence. During our most recent actions in the War on Ter...
The Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights: An Analysis in the Context of Pakistan
In the state of Pakistan, the state security and counter terrorism in order to societal rights and individual's liberties represents a multi-faceted challenge requiring a balanced approach. Building upon this study aims to evaluate the government measures put in place to tackle terrorism threat...
A multilevel social neuroscience perspective on radicalization and terrorism
Whyaresomepeoplecapableofsympathizingwithand/orcommittingactsofpoliticalviolence,such as attacks aimed at innocent targets? Attempts to construct terrorist profiles based on individual and situational factors, such as clinical, psychological, ethnic, and socio-demographic variables, have largely ...
Al Qaeda's Miscommunication War: The Terrorism Paradox
The Bush administration’s response to the September 11 attacks has rendered more urgent Al Qaeda’s stated objective to eject the United States from the Middle East. The aim here is not to evaluate the direction of the war on terrorism, but to explore why Al Qaeda has been so unsuccessful in c...
BEST STUDENT PAPER SOCIETY FOR TERRORISM RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2019. Politics as counterterrorism: the role of diplomacy in the West German response to Palestinian terror, 1970–75
When states face international terrorism, their response almost automatically lies in the area of foreign policy. As such, actors in foreign policy making play a key, yet understudied role in this process. In this paper, I will therefore analyse West German foreign policy responses to Palestinia...
Can Cellphone Shutdowns Stop Terrorist Violence? Evidence from Pakistan
While there has been growing concern about the use of technology by terrorist groups to organize and execute violence, there has been much less academic work on the effectiveness of governmental efforts to control the use of technology to prevent terrorist violence. Governments across the world ...
Can education counter violent religious extremism?
Violent religious extremism is a global concern today. As governments prepare their counter terrorism policies, many focus solely on reactive measures such as military action and surveillance measures– hard power– that are responsive to individuals who are already radicalized. This paper argue...
Causal Linkages Between Domestic Terrorism and Economic Growth
We use the Hsiao–Granger method to test for terrorism–growth causality for seven Western European countries. In bivariate settings, the impact of economic performance on domestic terrorism is very strong. In trivariate settings, the impact of performance on terrorism diminishes. In general, w...
Children as Victims of War and Terrorism
War and terrorism victimize all people in a country, group, or area, but disputes in recent decades are especially likely to im pact children and families. Children can experience wars by being in the war zone, by being in countries that deploy military personnel to a war zone, by suffering from ...
Classification of Terrorist Group Events in the Philippines: Location, Location, Location
In the ongoing effort to assign culpability for terrorists’ violent attacks, the situation in the Philippines is typical. There are large numbers of widely-scattered attacks following varied tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP). Many, but not all, are claimed or defi nitively attributed p...
Conclusion: the future of terrorism studies
please chek the pdf file
Cyber-Fatwas and Terrorism
In 1989, the term fatwa became globally known, following Ayatollah Khomeini’s death fatwa issued on Salman Rushdie for his novel, Satanic Verses. Today, the Internet has become a useful platform for posting of fatwas and interpretations of fatwas. The present article highlights the use of jihad...
Determining the Role of the Internet in Violent Extremism and Terrorism: Six Suggestions for Progressing Research
Somescholars and others are skeptical of a significant role for the Internet in processes of violent radicalization. There is increasing concern on the part of other scholars, and increasingly also pol icymakers and publics, that easy availability of violent extremist content online may have viole...
Disrupting the “Tamil diaspora-terrorism” paradigm: the political mobilisation of younger generation Tamils in the London diaspora
Following three decades of armed conflict, the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009. The victory was framed as a successful counterterrorism operation, yet, the GoSL’s military campaign in the Tamil-populated Northern and Eastern Provinces of Sri...
Does terrorism create terror?
The conceptual and etymological meaning of the terms ‘terror’ and ‘terrorism’ is so closely connected that it seems difficult to distinguish the one from the other. How ever, by comparing the idea that terrorism inevitably creates terror with the results of recent empirical studies of the...
Draining the Swamp: Democracy Promotion, State Failure, and Terrorism in 19 Middle Eastern Countries
This study empirically evaluates the question of whether or not the promotion of democracy in the Middle East will reduce terrorism, both in terms of terrorist attacks sustained by Middle Eastern countries and in terms of attacks perpetrated by terrorist groups basedinMiddleEasterncountries.Usin...
Fighting terrorism in Africa by proxy: the USA and the European Union in Somalia and Mali
The French intervention in Mali in early 2013 emphasizes that the decision-makers in Paris, Brussels, and Washington considered the establishment of the radical Islamist regime in Northern Mali a threat to their security interests. The widespread instability including the rise of radical Islamist...
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